Beyond Row Alignment: Virtual-Camera-Aware Online Stereo Rectification

Stereo matchers estimate depth by comparing the left and right images from a stereo camera pair, but they assume that the two cameras are accurately calibrated and rectified. In real deployments, small physical shifts after calibration, caused by camera motion, mechanical drift, vibration, or installation changes, can break this assumption and degrade depth estimation. Online stereo rectification is therefore needed to correct the image pair during operation and recover a stereo geometry where standard stereo matching can work reliably. Recent online rectification methods mainly optimize row alignment, making the left and right views of the same scene point fall on the same image row. We show that this target, while necessary, is insufficient for deployable stereo depth estimation. A rectifier may make a small set of matched points look well row-aligned, but still distort the full images in ways that hurt stereo matching: useful image regions may be cut off, large blank areas may appear, objects may be stretched or squeezed, or image scale may change unevenly across the view. We propose VirtualRect, an online stereo rectification method designed for reliable real-world deployment. Rather than treating rectification as simply making the left and right image rows line up, this method estimates a rectified virtual stereo camera. This makes the rectified images and the camera parameters come from the same geometry, so the images used for matching and the model used for depth computation remain consistent. To improve stability, it further constrains the rectification behavior over the whole image and reduces the influence of geometrically unreliable matches. Experiments on multiple datasets show that, compared with the prior state-of-the-art online rectifier, VirtualRect reduces vertical flow error by 17\% on Carla-Flowguided and 7\% on Semi-Truck Highway.