Multiple Physics Pretraining for Physical Surrogate Models

We introduce multiple physics pretraining (MPP), an autoregressive task-agnostic pretraining approach for physical surrogate modeling. MPP involves training large surrogate models to predict the dynamics of multiple heterogeneous physical systems simultaneously by learning features that are broadly useful across diverse physical tasks. In order to learn effectively in this setting, we introduce a shared embedding and normalization strategy that projects the fields of multiple systems into a single shared embedding space. We validate the efficacy of our approach on both pretraining and downstream tasks. In pretraining, we show that a single MPP-pretrained model is able to match or outperform task-specific baselines on all training sub-tasks without the need for finetuning. For downstream tasks, we explore how the benefits of MPP scale with available finetuning data and demonstrate pretraining gains even across large physics gaps. We open-source our code and model weights trained at multiple scales for reproducibility and community experimentation.