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Prediction-Constrained Markov Models for Medical Time Series with Missing Data and Few Labels
Preetish Rath · Gabe Hope · Kyle Heuton · Erik Sudderth · Michael Hughes

Fri Dec 02 01:00 PM -- 02:00 PM (PST) @
in Learning from Time Series for Health »
Event URL: https://openreview.net/forum?id=Mo-vXAfta2D »

When predicting outcomes for hospitalized patients, two key challenges are that the time series features are frequently missing and that supervisory labels may be available for only some sequences. While recent work has offered deep learning solutions, we consider a far simpler approach using the Hidden Markov model (HMM). Our probabilistic approach handles missing features via exact marginalization rather than imputation, thereby avoiding predictions that depend on specific guesses of missing values that do not account for uncertainty. To add effective supervision, we show that a prediction-constrained (PC) training objective can deliver high-quality predictions as well as interpretable generative models. When predicting mortality risk on two large health records datasets, our PC-HMM's precision-recall performance is equal or better than the common GRU-D even with 100x fewer parameters. Furthermore, when only a small fraction of sequences have labels, our PC-HMM approach can beat time-series adaptations of MixMatch, FixMatch, and other state-of-the-art methods for semi-supervised deep learning.

Author Information

Preetish Rath (Tufts University)
Gabe Hope (University of California Irvine)
Kyle Heuton (Tufts University)
Erik Sudderth (University of California, Irvine)
Michael Hughes (Tufts University)

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