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Navigating through unstructured environments is a basic capability of intelligent creatures, and thus is of fundamental interest in the study and development of artificial intelligence. Long-range navigation is a complex cognitive task that relies on developing an internal representation of space, grounded by recognisable landmarks and robust visual processing, that can simultaneously support continuous self-localisation ("I am here") and a representation of the goal ("I am going there"). Building upon recent research that applies deep reinforcement learning to maze navigation problems, we present an end-to-end deep reinforcement learning approach that can be applied on a city scale. Recognising that successful navigation relies on integration of general policies with locale-specific knowledge, we propose a dual pathway architecture that allows locale-specific features to be encapsulated, while still enabling transfer to multiple cities. A key contribution of this paper is an interactive navigation environment that uses Google Street View for its photographic content and worldwide coverage. Our baselines demonstrate that deep reinforcement learning agents can learn to navigate in multiple cities and to traverse to target destinations that may be kilometres away. A video summarizing our research and showing the trained agent in diverse city environments as well as on the transfer task is available at: https://sites.google.com/view/learn-navigate-cities-nips18
Author Information
Piotr Mirowski (DeepMind)
Matt Grimes (DeepMind)
Mateusz Malinowski (DeepMind)
Mateusz Malinowski is a research scientist at DeepMind, where he works at the intersection of computer vision, natural language understanding, and deep learning. He was granted PhD (Dr.-Ing.) with the highest honor (summa cum laude) at Max Planck Institute for Informatics in 2017 in computer vision for his pioneering work on visual question answering, where he proposed the task and developed methods that answer questions about the content of images. Prior to this, he graduated with honors from Saarland University in computer science. Before that, he studied computer science at Wroclaw University in Poland.
Karl Moritz Hermann (DeepMind)
Keith Anderson (DeepMind)
Denis Teplyashin (DeepMind)
Karen Simonyan (DeepMind)
koray kavukcuoglu (Google DeepMind)
Andrew Zisserman (DeepMind & University of Oxford)
Raia Hadsell (DeepMind)
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