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Poster

Putting An End to End-to-End: Gradient-Isolated Learning of Representations

Sindy Löwe · Peter O'Connor · Bas Veeling

East Exhibition Hall B + C #66

Keywords: [ Algorithms -> Representation Learning; Neuroscience and Cognitive Science ] [ Neuroscience; Neuroscience and Cognitive Science - ] [ Deep Learning ] [ Biologically Plausible Deep Networks ]

award Outstanding New Directions Paper Honorable Mention
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Abstract:

We propose a novel deep learning method for local self-supervised representation learning that does not require labels nor end-to-end backpropagation but exploits the natural order in data instead. Inspired by the observation that biological neural networks appear to learn without backpropagating a global error signal, we split a deep neural network into a stack of gradient-isolated modules. Each module is trained to maximally preserve the information of its inputs using the InfoNCE bound from Oord et al [2018]. Despite this greedy training, we demonstrate that each module improves upon the output of its predecessor, and that the representations created by the top module yield highly competitive results on downstream classification tasks in the audio and visual domain. The proposal enables optimizing modules asynchronously, allowing large-scale distributed training of very deep neural networks on unlabelled datasets.

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